Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy involves the use of a light source placed near or in contact with the skin, allowing the emitted light energy (photons) to penetrate tissues where it interacts with chromophores located in cells. This interaction leads to photo physical and photochemical changes within the cells, resulting in a cascade of physiological reactions that influence various levels of the body's molecular, cellular, and tissue functions.
Before the PBM session, the patient may be asked to wear protective eyewear, as lasers or intense LED lights are used. The treatment area is usually exposed, and the patient may need to wear special clothing to ensure the affected area is accessible.
The healthcare provider will use a PBM device equipped with the appropriate wavelength and parameters for the patient's condition. The device may resemble a handheld probe or a larger panel of LED lights, depending on the specific treatment.
The duration of a PBM session can vary depending on the condition being treated and the specific treatment protocol. It may last anywhere from a few minutes to around 20-30 minutes.
PBM is often administered as a series of sessions, with the frequency and total number of sessions determined by the patient's condition and the healthcare provider's recommendations. Some conditions may require more frequent treatments initially, followed by maintenance sessions.
Photobiomodulation therapy can stimulate cellular activity, including increased production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which provides the necessary energy for cells to repair and regenerate tissues more efficiently.
The therapy can enhance blood flow in the treated area, which, in turn, can improve oxygen and nutrient delivery to tissues. Improved circulation can help support healing processes.
By influencing cellular and molecular processes, photobiomodulation therapy can help reduce pain perception. This effect can be valuable for managing both acute and chronic pain conditions.
PBM aims to help restore cellular homeostasis, which involves the normalization of cellular functions and processes. This can contribute to overall tissue health and function.
This therapy is a cost-effective, noninvasive, and safe therapeutic modality with growing popularity and use in physical medicine and rehabilitation.
